Coke oven door



F. B. HOBART COKE OVEN DOOR Aug. 30, 1932.

Filed April l0. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 30, 1932.

F. B. HOBART COKE OVEN DOOR Filed April lO, 1928 2 sheets-sheet 2' Figi 7 /9 22 Z/ INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 1932 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFIC|51Y FLOYD BEATTY HOBABT, OF URBANA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO URBANA COKE CORPO- RATION, OF URBANA, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE come: ovEN noonJ Application mea Aprii 1o,

This invention relates generally to apparatus for use in carbonizing fuels, and more particularly concerns improvements vin the construction of doors for retorts employed in the colring of coal. Y

One form of coking retort which is 1n eX,` tensive use comprises generally a pair of comparatively closely spaced vertical side walls formed of refractory material and having tlues therein for the passage of retort heating gases, doors being provided to close the ends of the retort during the coking process. A row or bench of retorts of this type is generally employed in a coking plant, and suitable means are provided for pushing thecoke outof the retorts from end to end thereof, the doors being opened for this purpose. Since the retort doors are movable, it is not convenient or practical to provide heating flues therein, and in order that the fuel at the ends of the retort may not be unduly cooled by contact with the doors, baille plates are -ecured to the linner faces of the doors and 1re spaced therefrom so as to extend a con- ?flerable distance, say 18 inches, into the retort-s when the doors are closed.

Betort doors provided with battles of the type described are unsatisfactory for several reasons. During the coking process, the fuel may be unevenly coked, the portion of the charge lying adjacent to the bailles being'subjected to lower temperatures thanthe other portions of the charge. Thisis particularly true in low temperature coking. Since the baffles necessarily extend a considerable distance into thefretort, the capacity of the retort is appreciably diminished. With an oven of small capacity, say two tons, this is of importance. Y

A further andmore important objection to the use of battles of the type described comprises the loss of valuable tar vapors by the condensation thereof in the space between the battles and the doors. These vapors are evolved from the fuel during the coking process, and are normally lead olf at the tops of the retorts to suitable apparatus for recovering the valuable constituents thereof. Some of these tar vapors circulate in the free space between the battles and the doors, and on com- 1928. Serial No. 268.872.

ing into contact with the comparatively cool inner surfaces of the doors, and the metal braces between each door and its baille, are condensed and thereby wasted. These disadvantages are accentuated when the oven o erates on preheated coal and also when the nal colring temperature is as low as 800 C.

In accordance with the present invention, it is proposed to provide retort doors of an improved construction, which will obviate the Adifficulties outlined above. In the retort door of the present invention, the space between the door proper and its inner baffle is completely filled with a suitable light heat insulating material. By the use of this heat insulatin filling, the circulation of tar or hydrocar on vapors between the door and the baille is prevented, and the undesirable condensation and loss of these vapors is thereby substantially eliminated. Because of the heat insulating properties of the filling material, the baille is maintained at a higher temperature during the coking process, and the portion of the charge adjacent the baille is completely coked.V The distance between the door proper and the inner baille may be materially reduced, even as much as` 50% when the insulating material is employed, and in this manner, Vthe capacity of the retort may be increased. D ue to their insulationfrom the retort doors, the baffles are heated to a comparatively high temperature during the coking process, and when the doors are opened to permit the discharge of the coke, the temperature to which the balles drop is not substantially lowerthan the temperature of the charge of coal when it enters the retort. Because of the higher temperature to which the battle is heated, the baille is. preferably made of a heat resisting alloy such as one of the well known nickel, chromium, iron alloys, as for instance, an alloy comprising 30v parts nickel, 20 partS'chrOmium `and 50 parts iron.

In describing the invention in detail, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure l is a sectional side view of a coking oven or retortequipped with the doors of the present invention;

Y door shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 is a plan view, in section, of the oven shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an end View of one of the improved oven doors;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional side view of one of the oven doors of the present invention with a portion of the insulating material removed therefrom to show the interior con-k struction thereof; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of the oven The coke oven doors of the present invention may be employed in connection with Veach of the side walls 3, and hot gases from burners or other suitable sources of heat are passed through these flues to heat the ovens to the desired temperatures. Aspin Fig. 1, the oven O is provided with a plurality of openings 5 in the upper wall 1 thereof to permit the introduction of fuel thereto. An uptake or Vapor discharge duct 6 is also provided in the top of the oven for the Withdrawal of the hydrocarbon vapors and other substances cduced in the carbonization process.

Ovens of the type generally described are usually rather narrow and are open at both ends to permit the rapid discharge therefrom of the charge of fuel after the coking operation has been completed. A pusher of some suitable construction or any other suitable means may be employed for forcing the charge out of the oven. and as such means must pass through substantially the entire oven, it is essential that the doors which normally close the ends thereof be mounted in such a manner that theygmay be quickly removed from the oven openings and from the path of the fuel pushing means.

Referring now more particularly to the oven doors of the present invention, as shown Vin Fig. 1, each of these doors D comprises Va pair of spaced metallic plates 7 and 8 having a layer of heat insulating material 9 therebetween. The inner plate or baiiie 8 is .somewhat shorter and narrower than the outer plate 7, and the insulating material 9 is arranged between these plates in such a man- `ner that the sides as well as the tops and bottoms of the doors are tapered inwardly.

Suitable movable means are provided for supporting the doors D and for permitting the easy and rapid opening and closing thereof. The door supporting means diS- closed herein comprises a vertically disposed frame 11, pivoted to suitable supports on the oven walls at the points 12 and 13, and provided with two horizontal arms 14 and 15. rlhe outer ends of the arms 14 and 15 are suitably pivotally connected to the outer plate 7 of the door D at spaced points along the vertical central axis thereof, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. With this arrangement, it is obvious that the doors D may be readily withdrawn from the ends of the oven without binding in the frames 10, and may be moved completely out of the path of the fuel pusher or discharging means which is passed through the oven to remove the carbonized charge of fuel.

One suitable form of oven door construction embodying the present invention has been shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5. A vertical beam V16, preferably of T-shaped section, is suitably secured to the inner surface of the outer plate 7 of the door, and eX- tends 'from the top to the bottom thereof. The beam 16 is secured to a second T-shaped beam 17 by means of a Series of angularly disposed braces or struts 1S, preferably in the form of angle members. The inner beam 17 is preferably slightly shorter than the outer beam 16 and is disposed parallel to the outer beam. The inner plate or baille 8 is preferably provided with outwardly extending flanges 19 along the edges thereof, and is suitably secured to the inner face of the inner beam 17. The arrangement of the described construction is such that the outer plate 7 and the baffle 8 lie in parallel planes and are spaced a considerable distance apart by the beams 16 and 17 and the connecting struts 18, the spacing means lying in a vertical plane extending between the centers of the door plates, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. The outer plate 7 of the door may be p rovided with inwardly extending flanges similar to the flanges 19 of the balile 8, but in the present embodiment, an angular framej 20, having inwardly extending flanged portions 21 is suitably secured to the plate 7 to provide flanges thereon. As shown, vthe flanges 21 of the frame 20 are of substantially the same dimensions as the door frame 10, so that when the door is closed, the flanges 21 engage the door frame 10 in end-wise abutment.

The baffle 8 is preferably constructed of a metallic alloy having high heat resistant properties. Any suitable heat resisting alloy may be employed but it is preferred to use one of the well known nickel, chromium, iron alloys such as an alloy comprising about parts nickel, 2O parts chromium and 50 parts iron.

rlhe heat insulating material used in connection with the oven door of the present invention may comprise any suitable light refractory material such as compounds including asbestos and diatomaceous earth. This insulating material may be suitably shaped to fit between the baille 8 and the outer plate 7, or may be packed into this space in any other suitable manner. In the present embodiment of the invention, it is preferred to employ light heat insulating material including asbestos, and to line the sides of the door, as well as the top and bottom thereof, between the plates 7 and 8 with preformed blocks 22 of this material, the space within these blocks being loosely packed with pieces of the same material, as shown in Fig. 5. lWhen formed in this manner, the insulating material provides an unbroken wall along the sides and ends of the door, prevents the How of tar vapors between the door plates during the coking process, and completely surrounding the connecting struts 18.

From the description given, it will be seen that the oven door of the present invention is constructed in avery simple and inexpensive manner, and that the use of the insulating material between the outer plate and the inner baille not only increases the heat insulation of the oven but prevents the loss of valuable tar vapors through condensation between the door plates and prevents the cooling of the charge of coal near the baille. Doors of the type described are particularly well adapted for use in connection with ovens in which preheated coal is coked. The fact that the special alloy bales are well insulated per-V mits the temperature thereof to become comparatively high while the fuel is being coked, and consequently, when the doors are'open t0 extract the charge of coke,these bailes are not cooled below the temperature of the preheated charge of fuel which is next introduced.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with a single speciiic oven door construction, it should be understood that the embodiment disclosed merely illustrates onel form of the invention, and that many changes and modications of this structure may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a door for closing the end of a coke oven, an outer door plate, all inner baille seing outwardly extending flanges along the edges thereof, a plurality of struts connecting said bailie to said plate in spaced parallel re-V lation, said struts extending between points substantially along the vertical central axis of said plate and said baille, walls of heat insulating material extending between said plate and said baiHe within said flanges along the top, bottom and sides of the door, and completely surrounding said struts, and a loose. packing of heat insulating material within said walls.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

FLOYD BEATTY I-IOBART.

cured in spaced parallel relation to said door plate by connecting means extending between points removed from the edges of said plate and said baille, inwardly extending flanges on the edges of said plate, outwardly extending flanges on the edges of said baffle, and a packing of heat insulating material retained between said plate and said baiile by said langes and completely surrounding all of said connecting means.

2. In a door for coke ovens, an outer door plate having inwardly extending flanges along the edges thereof, an inner balie hav- CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,874,290. August 30, 1932.

V.FLOYD BEATTY HOBART.

Itm is -her'eby certified that nerror appears in the printed specification of'the above numbered patent drequiring correction V.as follows: `Page 3, line S2, claim 1, for the word fall" read an; and that the said Letters .Patent .should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record lof the case in the Patent Office.

Signed andsealed this 22nd day of November, A. D. 1932.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

